The job of combing the literature to pick a proper instrument consumes needless hours and often ends in a frustrating decision to forego measuring that characteristic, or worse, it results in a rapid and incomplete attempt to devise a new measure. Often, the interdisciplinary investigator is interested in the relation of some new variable, which has come to attention casually, to a favorite area of interest. Too few scholars stay in the same area of study on a continuing basis for several years, so it is difficult to keep up with all of the empirical literature and instruments available.
This is a rather inefficient grapevine for the interested researcher. Attitude and personality measures are likely to appear under thousands of book titles, in dozens of social science journals, in seldom circulated dissertations, and in the catalogues of commercial pub-lishers, as well as in undisturbed piles of manuscripts in the offices of social scientists. There are many reasons for creating a volume such as this. This new structure has resulted in more knowledgeable review essays, but at the expense of less standardized evaluations of individual instruments. These experts were also limited to identifying the 10 or 20 most interesting or promising measures in their area, rather than covering all available instruments. Most important, we have given responsibility for each topic to experienced and well-known researchers in each field rather than choosing and evaluating items by ourselves. Readers will note several differences between this work and its predecessors.
#Jbidwatcher out of bounds update
That is the focus of our first update of the original volumes. The result was a three-volume series, the most popular of which was the last, Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes. Subsequently, this work was continued and expanded at the Survey Research Center of the University of Michigan under the general direction of Philip Converse, with support from a grant by the National Institute of Mental Health. In the summer of 1958, he attempted to pull together a broad range of scales that would be of interest to researchers in the field of political behavior.
Like most social scientists, Lane found it difficult to keep up with the proliferation of social attitude measures. The original idea for this handbook of attitude and personality measures came from Robert Lane, a political scientist at Yale University. If the winning seller is willing to share the increase in utility with the buyer who faces a loss, then these alternatives can produce for both the buyer and the seller, utility values that are higher than produced by the winning bid. The analysis of concave efficient frontiers in the utility space which are the result of concave and linear utility functions, shows that it is possible to determine alternatives for which social welfare is greater than for the alternative which is the winning bids. The result is that reverse auctions may cause a significant loss of social welfare, which may be of particular significance for public organizations. When preferences can be represented with convex or concave utilities, the alternatives in which the buyer’s surplus is maximized are different from those that maximize social welfare. Building on observations of scholars in economics and decision sciences who note that in practice such preferences may be rare, it shows that in procurement of services and goods that are to be produced, price is often interrelated with costs. This paper presents an analysis of this assumption and its implications. This assumption is of particular significance in multi-attribute reverse auctions which are used in procurement. Quasi-linearity of preferences is one of the standard assumptions in auction theory.
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